The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and
forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood–brain …

eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) is critically important enzyme responsible for
regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Under physiological conditions, constitutive eNOS …

Background Substantial evidence suggests that immunoproteasome is implicated in the
various neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative …

Beta‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) is highly expressed
in cerebrovascular endothelium. Notably, BACE2 is one of the most downregulated genes in …

Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion‐induced demyelination causes progressive
white matter injury, although the pathogenic pathways are unknown. Methods The Single …

Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), which is caused by chronic cerebral
hypoperfusion, is a common subtype of vascular dementia, accompanied by white matter …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) describes neurodegenerative disorders characterized
by a vascular component. Pathologically, it involves decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) …

Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier. However, the potential …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebrovascular dysfunction may contribute to the
pathology in white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline caused by cerebral …

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-triggered blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a
core pathological change occurring in vascular dementia (VD). Despite the recent advances …