Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

Previous studies have demonstrated that stress may increase prodynorphin gene
expression, and κ opioid agonists suppress drug reward. Therefore, we tested the …

The reinforcing and psychomotor effects of morphine involve opiate stimulation of the
dopaminergic system via activation of μ-opioid receptors (μOR). Both μ-opioid and …

Evidence suggests a critical role for dopamine in the reinforcing effects of cocaine in rats
and primates. However, self-administration has been less often studied in the mouse …

Stress contributes to the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in abstinent subjects.
Kappa-opioid receptor antagonists attenuate the behavioral effects of stress, potentially …

Cocaine use disorder (CUD), a major health crisis, has traditionally been considered a
complication of the CNS; however, it is also closely associated with malnourishment and …

Drugs of abuse are thought to promote addiction in part by “hijacking” brain reward systems,
but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Using whole-brain FOS mapping and in …

Early-life stress and ovarian hormones contribute to increased female vulnerability to
cocaine addiction. Here, we reveal molecular substrates in the reward area, the nucleus …

The cyclic peptide zyklophin {[N-benzylTyr1, cyclo (D-Asp5, Dap8)-dynorphin A-(1–11) NH2,
Patkar KA, et al.(2005) J Med Chem 48: 4500–4503} is a selective peptide kappa opioid …

Nonmedical use of the prescription opioid oxycodone has become a major public health
problem in the United States, with special concern for adolescents. Although adults and …