Although initially described as an anti-tumor mediator, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is
generally considered as the master pro-inflammatory cytokine. It plays a crucial role in the …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Although treatments have improved, development of novel therapies for patients with CVD …

The defining characteristic of chronic heart failure (CHF) is an exercise intolerance that is
inextricably linked to structural and functional aberrations in the O2 transport pathway. CHF …

Simple Summary Inflammation has been acknowledged as one of the causes of increased
cancer risk. Among the pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) has …

Psoriasis is a skin disease where various cytokines play a detrimental role, yet our
understanding of the disease is still limited. TNF is a validated drug target in psoriasis and …

Increased circulating and intracardiac levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been
associated with chronic heart failure. Following an initial insult, the increased production of …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic
inflammatory diseases. Infliximab, a chimeric (human-murine) monoclonal IgG1 anti-TNFα …

Cardiovascular disorders are the major cause of mortality in patients of diabetes mellitus.
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription …

There is a pressing need to reduce the high global disease burden of rheumatic heart
disease (RHD) and its harbinger, acute rheumatic fever (ARF). ARF is a classical example of …

The nuclear factor (NF)-κB family of transcription factors are ubiquitous and pleiotropic
molecules that regulate the expression of more than 150 genes involved in a broad range of …