The management of advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been transformed by
the development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nonetheless, most patients do not …

Background Nowadays, conventional medical treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and
chemotherapy cannot cure all types of cancer. A promising approach to treat solid tumors is …

Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of natural killer (NK) cells in immunotherapy
to treat multiple types of cancer. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that play essential roles …

Checkpoint proteins are an integral part of the immune system and are used by the tumor
cells to evade immune response, which helps them grow uncontrollably. By blocking these …

KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in cancer, being a potent initiator of
tumorigenesis, a strong inductor of malignancy, and a predictive biomarker of response to …

Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges
worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side …

There are several interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that affect the
response of cancer cells to therapy. There are also a large number of cells and secretions in …

The immune system frequently comprises immunological checkpoints. They serve as a
barrier to keep the immune system from overreacting and damaging cells that are robust …

Simple Summary Renal cell carcinoma is particularly characterized by its high
vascularization and dense immune cells infiltration. The angiogenesis blockade in …

Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful strategy for liquid tumors to overcome the
limitations of conventional cancer therapies. The nanomedical delivery system offers the …