Antifouling strategies: history and regulation, ecological impacts and mitigation
Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …
Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment: a review
IK Konstantinou, TA Albanis - Environment international, 2004 - Elsevier
Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to organotin compounds
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …
[图书][B] Fundamentals of ecotoxicology
MC Newman - 2009 - taylorfrancis.com
Each year ecotoxicological problems become increasingly complex and encompass
broader spatial and temporal scales. Our practical understanding must evolve accordingly to …
broader spatial and temporal scales. Our practical understanding must evolve accordingly to …
The interactive effects of the antifouling herbicides Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on the seagrass Zostera marina (L.)
JC Chesworth, ME Donkin, MT Brown - Aquatic toxicology, 2004 - Elsevier
The herbicides Irgarol 1051 (2-(tert-butylamino)-4-cyclopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1, 3, 5-
triazine) and Diuron (3-(3′, 4′-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea) are commonly …
triazine) and Diuron (3-(3′, 4′-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea) are commonly …
Environmental concentrations of irgarol, diuron and S-metolachlor induce deleterious effects on gametes and embryos of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
H Mai, B Morin, P Pardon, P Gonzalez… - Marine Environmental …, 2013 - Elsevier
Irgarol and diuron are the most representative “organic booster biocides” that replace
organotin compounds in antifouling paints, and metolachlor is one of the most extensively …
organotin compounds in antifouling paints, and metolachlor is one of the most extensively …
Fate of Irgarol 1051, diuron and their main metabolites in two UK marine systems after restrictions in antifouling paints
Two major antifouling biocides used worldwide, Irgarol 1051 and diuron, and their
degradation products in Shoreham Harbour and Brighton Marina, UK were studied during …
degradation products in Shoreham Harbour and Brighton Marina, UK were studied during …
Photodegradation of the antifouling compounds Irgarol 1051 and Diuron released from a commercial antifouling paint
H Okamura - Chemosphere, 2002 - Elsevier
The antifouling compound Irgarol 1051 and its degradation product M1 (also known as
GS26575), along with another antifouling compound Diuron, have recently been found in …
GS26575), along with another antifouling compound Diuron, have recently been found in …
Survey for the occurrence of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment of Greece
VA Sakkas, IK Konstantinou, DA Lambropoulou… - … Science and Pollution …, 2002 - Springer
Since the restriction imposed by European Union regulations on the use of TBT-based
antifouling paints on boats below 25 m in length, new terms have been introduced in the …
antifouling paints on boats below 25 m in length, new terms have been introduced in the …
Assessment of the risk posed by the antifouling booster biocides Irgarol 1051 and diuron to freshwater macrophytes
Antifouling paints are used to reduce the attachment of living organisms to the submerged
surfaces of ships, boats and aquatic structures, usually by the release of a biocide. Two …
surfaces of ships, boats and aquatic structures, usually by the release of a biocide. Two …
Contamination of Caribbean coastal waters by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051
Irgarol 1051® is a s-triazine herbicide used in popular slime–resistant antifouling paints. It
has been shown to be acutely toxic to corals, mangroves and sea grasses, inhibiting …
has been shown to be acutely toxic to corals, mangroves and sea grasses, inhibiting …