Selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark of
neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of selective vulnerability involve neuronal …

The central nervous system is highly dependent on water, and disturbances in water
homeostasis can have a significant impact on its normal functions. The regulation of water …

Traditionally, the meninges are described as 3 distinct layers, dura, arachnoid and pia. Yet,
the classification of the connective meningeal membranes surrounding the brain is based on …

Astrocytes interact with various cell types, including neurons, vascular cells, microglia, and
peripheral immune cells. These interactions are crucial for regulating normal brain functions …

Background Arterial pulsation has been suggested as a key driver of paravascular
cerebrospinal fluid flow, which is the foundation of glymphatic clearance. However, whether …

Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (r-mTBI) sustained in the military or contact sports
have been associated with the accumulation of extracellular tau in the brain, which may …

The glymphatic system and the meningeal lymphatic vessels provide a pathway for transport
of solutes and clearance of toxic material from the brain. Of specific relevance to ALS, this is …

The glymphatic system transports cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain via arterial
perivascular spaces and removes interstitial fluid from the brain along perivenous spaces …

The key to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is a thorough
understanding of their pathomechanism. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are …

Insoluble pathogenic proteins accumulate along blood vessels in conditions of cerebral
amyloid angiopathy (CAA), exerting a toxic effect on vascular cells and impacting cerebral …