Minocycline has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties that explain the
renewed interest in its use as an adjunctive treatment for psychiatric and neurological …

The immune system and the peripheral sensory nervous system communicate through
hardwired and humoral routes using shared mediators and receptors. On the basis of …

The dominant view in the field of pain is that peripheral neuropathic pain is driven by
microglia in the somatosensory processing region of the spinal dorsal horn. Here, to the …

Around 20% of the American population have chronic pain and estimates in other Western
countries report similar numbers. This represents a major challenge for global health care …

Inflammatory processes are increased by stress and contribute to the pathology of mood
disorders. Stress is thought to primarily induce inflammation through peripheral and central …

In vitro and preclinical in vivo research in the last 35 years has clearly highlighted the crucial
physiopathological role of glial cells, namely astrocytes/microglia/oligodendrocytes and …

Neuropathic pain, a disease of the somatosensory nervous system, afflicts many individuals
and adequate management with current pharmacotherapies remains elusive. The …

Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people
worldwide. Unlike acute pain, which is short-term and starts suddenly in response to an …

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder that usually develops during adolescence
and young adulthood. Since genetic and environmental factors are involved in the disease …

Opioids are a mainstay in acute pain management and produce their effects and side effects
(eg, tolerance, opioid-use disorder and immune suppression) by interaction with opioid …