Exosomes are well-known key mediators of intercellular communication and contribute to
various physiological and pathological processes. Their biogenesis involves four key steps …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer
progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in …

Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer. The communication between cancer-derived
exosomes and stroma plays an irreplaceable role in facilitating pre-metastatic niche …

Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are
extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes …

Radiotherapy is widely exploited for the treatment of a large range of cancers in clinic, but its
therapeutic effectiveness is seriously crippled by the tumor immunosuppression, mainly …

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) takes place in mitochondria and is the process
whereby cells use carbon fuels and oxygen to generate ATP. Formerly OXPHOS was …

Cancer is a disease which frequently has a poor prognosis. Although multiple therapeutic
strategies have been developed for various cancers, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell‐to‐cell
communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are transport vesicles secreted by living cells and released into
the extracellular environment. Recent studies have shown that EVs serve as “messengers” …

Exosomes are membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. As critical
messengers for intercellular communication, exosomes deliver bioactive cargoes to …