Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can occur
when coordinated smooth muscle contractility is disrupted. Potassium (K+) channels …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most frequent inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system (CNS), affects about two and a half million individuals worldwide and causes major …

Deep brain stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) improves the motor
symptoms in Parkinson's disease and experimental stroke by intervening in the motor …

We have identified a novel splice variant of the human and rat two-pore domain potassium
(K 2P) channel TREK-1. The splice variant TREK-1e results from skipping of exon 5, which …

TWIK-related spinal cord potassium (TRESK) and TWIK-related potassium (TREK) channels
are both subfamilies of the two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel group. Despite major …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been recognized as an early pathological feature
and contributing factor in multiple sclerosis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a …

TNFα has been identified as playing an important role in pathologic complications
associated with diabetic retinopathy and retinal inflammation, such as retinal leukostasis …

Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop covert or minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE).
Hyperammonemia (HA) and peripheral inflammation play synergistic roles in inducing the …

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an early hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS), a
progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Cell adhesion in the BBB is …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is composed of a network of tight junctions (TJ) which
interconnect cerebral endothelial cells (EC). Alterations in the TJ proteins are common in …