Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor
microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are …

In many solid tumor types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important
components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAMs infiltration is strongly …

Clonal expansion of cells with somatically diversified receptors and their long-term
maintenance as memory cells is a hallmark of adaptive immunity. Here, we studied …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that show strong cytolytic function against
physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK cells show a …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific rearranged
receptors, a hallmark of adaptive lymphocytes. In some people infected with human …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that are critical to the body's antitumor and
antimetastatic defense. As such, novel therapies are being developed to utilize NK cells as …

A key mechanism of tumor resistance to immune cells is mediated by expression of peptide-
loaded HLA class I molecule (HLA-E) in tumor cells, which suppresses NK cell activity via …

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecology of cells that evolves with and provides
support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. Among the innate and adaptive …

Cancer development and its response to therapy are strongly influenced by innate and
adaptive immunity, which either promote or attenuate tumorigenesis and can have opposing …

CD4+ T cells with cytotoxic activity (CD4 CTL) have been observed in various immune
responses. These cells are characterized by their ability to secrete granzyme B and perforin …