Recent studies have emphasized the importance of biologically active molecules, termed
cytokines, in the development and progression of the syndrome of chronic heart failure. This …

Cardiovascular diseases are the human diseases with the highest death rate and
atherosclerosis is one of the major underlying causes of cardiovascular diseases …

Plasma cells (PCs) produce antibodies that mediate immunity after infection or vaccination.
In contrast to PCs in the bone marrow, PCs in the gut have been considered short lived. In …

Aims Previous studies have shown an abnormal expression of cellular adhesion molecules
and cytokines in chronic heart failure, which may be related to endothelial dysfunction …

Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet
studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we …

Background Elevated levels of lipoprotein (a)[Lp (a)] are associated with premature
atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms are not known. Recruitment of monocytes to the …

To clarify the differences of the signaling pathways used by granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor …

We investigated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subtype cascades in
human neutrophils stimulated by IL-1β. IL-1β induced phosphorylation and activation of p38 …

Background: This study investigates the plasma activity of inflammatory mediators such as
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), CC chemokines and soluble …

Cytokine activation of vascular endothelial cells renders the hyperadhesiveness for
neutrophils. During the processes of inflammation and atherosclerosis, the production of …