Mice, with the variety of genotypes they provide, should be particularly useful for studies of
growth factors and gene products in regeneration of autonomic pathways such as the vagus …

Hypothalamic melanocortins are critical for the control of food intake, and alterations in
POMC mRNA have been described in genetic models of obesity. However, the time course …

OBJECTIVE: When animals are allowed free access to food following an extended period of
food restriction, body weight is steadily restored to the pre-food restriction level, ie to a …

Here, we present a neuroendocrine concept to review the circularly interacting energy
homeostasis system between brain and body. Body–brain interaction is circular because the …

Background/goal. Previous studies have shown that leptin plays a major role in the amount
of food consumption. Recently, leptin and its receptors have been found in the human …

Some previous studies have shown suppressive effect of the vagal nerve stimulation (VNS)
on long-term feeding regulation in rats. We assessed body weight, interstitial cells of Cajal …

The consumption of a large food bolus leads to stomach distension. Gastric distension
potently signals the termination of a meal by stimulating gastric mechanoreceptors and …

(57) ABSTRACT A method is described for the treatment of obesity or other disorders, by
electrical activation or inhibition of the sympa thetic nervous system. This activation or …

5,154,172 5,179,950 5, 186,170 5,188, 104 5,205.285 5,215,086 5,215,089 5,222.494
5,231,988 5,235.980 5,237,991 5,251,634 5,263.480 5,269,303 5,281.581 5,299,569 …

Systems and methods are described for treating metabolic syndrome and/or Type 2
diabetes, and/or one or more of their attendant conditions, by neural stimulation. In one …