Over the last 100–120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing
compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the …

Fluoride (F−) originating from many natural geologic sources and anthropogenic activities
has imposed a substantial environmental health risk. More than 200 million people from …

The relationship between environmental fluoride and human health has been studied for
over 100 years by researchers from a wide variety of disciplines. Most scientists believe that …

Background Trace elements and vitamins, named together micronutrients (MNs), are
essential for human metabolism. Recent research has shown the importance of MNs in …

Fluoride (F) is an essential element for animal growth, not readily taken up by plants from
soils, yet cases of acute fluorosis in grazing animals caused by ingestion of phosphatic …

The vent-hosted hydrothermal system of Ruapehu volcano is normally covered by a c. 10
million m3 acidic crater lake where volcanic gases accumulate. Through analysis of eruption …

Both dental and skeletal fluorosis caused by high fluoride intake are serious public health
concerns around the world. Fluorosis is particularly pronounced in developing countries …

Fluorosis is an endemic disease that is now a global challenge. In this review paper we
have classified and described the global fluoride belts (GFB) geologically and …

Groundwater is an especially important freshwater source for water supplies in the Maku
area of northwest Iran. The groundwater of the area contains high concentrations of fluoride …

Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a common health issue among
farming communities in the dry zone of Sri Lanka where groundwater fluoride is known to be …