Infertility is a disease characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12
months of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. It is estimated to affect between 8 and …

Background In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly
compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current …

Background Considerable interest has been gathered on the relevant impact of preventable
factors, including incorrect lifestyle and unhealthy habits, on female fertility. Smoking …

Mammalian eggs (oocytes) are formed during fetal life and establish associations with
somatic cells to form primordial follicles that create a store of germ cells (the primordial pool) …

The ovarian system comprises vital organs in females and is of great significance for the
maintenance of reproductive potential and endocrine stability. Although complex …

Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing.
Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in …

The substantial harmful effects of tobacco smoking on fertility and reproduction have
become apparent but are not generally appreciated. Tobacco smoke contains more than …

Developmental toxicity caused by exposure to a mixture of environmental pollutants has
become a major health concern. Human-made chemicals, including xenoestrogens …

Recent work has suggested that environmental chemicals, including those contained in
cigarette smoke, can have adverse effects on the exposed individuals as well as their future …

Background Cigarette smoking is associated with earlier menopause, but the impact of
being a former smoker and any dose-response relationships on the degree of smoking and …