Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by living cells that have similar membrane
composition to parental cells and carry a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids …

Abstract The Fluid–Mosaic Membrane (FMM) model was originally proposed as a general,
nanometer-scale representation of cell membranes (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). The FMM …

Freshwater ecosystems are gradually becoming sinks for terrestrial microplastics (MPs),
posing a potential ecological risk. Although the effects of MPs on plankton and aquatic …

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet
of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage …

It is now evident that the cell manipulates lipid composition to regulate different processes
such as membrane protein insertion, assembly and function. Moreover, changes in …

Self-assembly is an important strategy for constructing ordered structures and complex
functions in nature. Based on this, people can imitate nature and artificially construct …

Lipophilic compounds have a variety of positive effects on human physiological functions
and exhibit good effects in the prevention and treatment of clinical diseases. This has led to …

Band 3, or anion exchanger 1 (AE1), is one of the indispensable transmembrane proteins
involved in the effective respiratory process of the human body and is primarily responsible …

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of model heterogeneous membranes and their
interactions with a 24-amino acid peptide—NAF-144–67. NAF-144–67 is an anticancer …

Gaining insight into osmotic pressure and its biological implications is pivotal for revealing
mechanisms underlying numerous fundamental biological processes across scales and will …