On 12 March 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization. As of 4 August 2020, more than 18 million …

Sepsis occurs when an infection exceeds local tissue containment and induces a series of
dysregulated physiologic responses that result in organ dysfunction. A subset of patients …

Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector
functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of …

Endothelial cells are a constitutive part of the heart and vasculature and form a crucial link
between the cardiovascular system and the immune system. Besides their commonly …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are a heterogeneous population that fulfills many physiological
processes. ECs also actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses …

The endothelium forms a vast network that dynamically regulates vascular barrier function,
coagulation pathways and vasomotor tone. Microvascular endothelial cells are uniquely …

Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules originate from
damaged cells and tissues with the ability to trigger and/or modify innate immune responses …

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of intracellular
proteins were originally identified as signaling adaptors that bind directly to the cytoplasmic …

Diseases of the respiratory tract are among the leading causes of death in the world
population. Increasing evidence points to a key role of the innate immune system with its …

To characterize transcriptomic changes in endothelial cells (ECs) infected by coronaviruses,
and stimulated by DAMPs, the expressions of 1311 innate immune regulatomic genes (IGs) …