Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of …

Introduction The Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first described human
retrovirus. It is currently estimated that around 5 to 10 million people worldwide are infected …

Background context Treadmill training after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has become an
established therapy to improve walking capabilities. The hybrid assistive limb (HAL) …

Abstract Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays a critical role in proliferation, differentiation,
and development of various cell types in a tissue specific manner. Four isoforms of MEF-2 …

Background The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) which is associated with the
diseases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has infected as many as 10 million people
worldwide. While 90% are asymptomatic, 5% develop severe diseases including adult T-cell …

Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that cause infection in susceptible host cells.
Virus infections could be lytic, chronic, latent or immortalizing. Viruses causing latent …

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a replicationcompetent human retrovirus
associated with two distinct types of disease: a malignancy of mature CD4+ T cells called …

Abstract Objectives HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
is a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by high levels of infected …

Introduction Several genetic polymorphisms may be related to susceptibility or resistance to
viral disease outcomes. Immunological or genetic factors may act as major triggers of the …