Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death protein-
1/programmed cell death ligand-1 axis have significantly shifted the treatment paradigm in …

It is obvious that tumor cells have developed a number of strategies to escape immune
surveillance including an altered expression of various immune checkpoints, such as the …

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells derived intracellular and extracellular
programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) promoted cancer progression and drug resistance …

Background Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays important roles in different cancers. Our
study aimed to identify molecules with significant prognostic values and construct a relevant …

Background Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been improving patient outcomes of
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its effectiveness is highly subjective to individual …

Immune checkpoint blockade represents a major breakthrough in advanced non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, success is limited to a subset of patients and there …

Simple Summary Tumors are ecosystems composed of cancer cells and non-tumor stroma
together in a hypoxic environment often described as wounds that do not heal. Accumulating …

Purpose Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may act as oncogenes in small-cell lung cancer
(SCLC). Exosomes containing lncRNAs released from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in Taiwan and throughout the world.
Immunotherapy has revealed promising and significant efficacy in NSCLC, through immune …

Purpose: Despite the established role of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-
mutated NSCLC, drug resistance inevitably ensues, with a paucity of treatment options …