At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

AP-1 (activating protein-1) is a collective term referring to dimeric transcription factors
composed of Jun, Fos or ATF (activating transcription factor) subunits that bind to a common …

▪ Abstract Jasmonic acid and its derivatives can modulate aspects of fruit ripening,
production of viable pollen, root growth, tendril coiling, and plant resistance to insects and …

Programmed cell death (PCD) occurs during the development of all animals that have been
studied, but only recently has its molecular basis been discovered. In this review, we briefly …

The inactivation of the p53 gene in a large proportion of human cancers has inspired an
intense search for the encoded protein's physiological and biological properties. Expression …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) binding to the TNF receptor (TNFR) potentially initiates
apoptosis and activates the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which …

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism by which cells undergo death to
control cell proliferation or in response to DNA damage. The understanding of apoptosis has …

Apoptosis plays an important role in development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
Intensive efforts have been made to explore the molecular mechanisms of the apoptotic …

The primary function of the corpus luteum is secretion of the hormone progesterone, which is
required for maintenance of normal pregnancy in mammals. The corpus luteum develops …

Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake, and its receptor (OB-Rb) is expressed
primarily in the hypothalamus. Here, it is shown that OB-Rb is also expressed in human …