Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Untethered robots in the size range of micro/nano-scale offer unprecedented access to hard-
to-reach areas of the body. In these challenging environments, autonomous task completion …

During recent years, microrobots have drawn extensive attention owing to their good
controllability and great potential in biomedicine. Powered by external physical fields or …

Microrobots have received extensive attention in the past few decades, and the in-depth
research of micro-nano processing technology and micro-nano materials has promoted the …

Cancer is one of the diseases with high mortality worldwide. Various methods for cancer
treatment are being developed, and among them, magnetically driven microrobots capable …

Catheters navigating through complex vessels, such as sharp turns or multiple U-turns,
remain challenging for vascular embolization. Here, we propose a novel multistage vascular …

More than 90% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials. There are many reasons for
failure—lack of efficacy, poor material properties, and a lack of commercial need. Notably,∼ …

Magnetic microrobots have been developed for navigating microscale environments by
means of remote magnetic fields. However, limited propulsion speeds at small scales …

Although many medical microrobots have been developed for treating diseases, their
designs have not been optimized for disease environments and their functionality and …

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential
in biomedical applications because of their collective active delivery ability, enhanced …