Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

Cancer cells are well-known for adapting their metabolism to maintain high proliferation
rates and survive in unfavorable environments with low oxygen and nutritional deficiency …

Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This
reprogramming is driven by the combined actions of oncogenic alterations in cancer cells …

There is much cellular heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor epithelia
and stromal cells co-evolve, and this reciprocal relationship dictates almost every step of …

Field cancerization and metastasis are the leading causes for cancer recurrence and
mortality in cancer patients. The formation of primary, secondary tumors or metastasis is …

Cancer comprises a group of heterogeneous diseases encompassing high rates of
morbidity and mortality. Heterogeneity, which is a hallmark of cancer, is one of the main …

Although survival outcomes of cancer patients have been improved dramatically via
conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy over the last decades, there are still some …

Mitochondria have emerged as important pharmacological targets because of their key role
in cellular proliferation and death. In tumor tissues, mitochondria can switch metabolic …

Aerobic glycolysis, also referred to as the Warburg effect, has been regarded as the
dominant metabolic phenotype in cancer cells for a long time. More recently, it has been …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the main characteristics of malignant tumors. The
metabolic reprogramming of tumors is not only related to the characteristics of cancer cells …