Depression in bipolar disorder (BD) patients presents major clinical challenges. As the
predominant psychopathology even in treated BD, depression is associated not only with …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder with subtypes characterized by episodes of mania,
hypomania, and/or depression. BD is associated with substantial economic burden, and the …

Objective: We reviewed important clinical aspects of bipolar depression, a progressive
psychiatric condition that is commonly treated in primary care. Bipolar depression is …

We summarize evidence supporting contemporary pharmacological treatment of phases of
BD, including: mania, depression, and long-term recurrences, emphasizing findings from …

Background Lithium has been used clinically for 70 years, mainly to treat bipolar disorder.
Competing treatments and exaggerated impressions about complexity and risks of lithium …

Background Patients with bipolar disorder spend approximately half of their lives
symptomatic and the majority of that time suffering from symptoms of depression, which …

Objective: We examined the influence of age at onset of illness and the delay in time to first
treatment on morbidity in adulthood. Method: 529 adult outpatients with a mean age of 42 …

Background Bipolar disorder is characterized by debilitating episodes of depression and
mood elevation (mania or hypomania). For most patients, depressive symptoms are more …

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded by many clinicians as the most
effective treatment for treatment-resistant bipolar depression, but no randomized controlled …

Tondo L, Vázquez G, Baldessarini RJ. Mania associated with antidepressant treatment:
comprehensive meta‐analytic review. Objective: To review available data pertaining to risk …