Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane nano-sized vesicles secreted by various cell
types for intercellular communication, found in all kingdoms of life. Nanoalgosomes are a …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as cell-to-cell and inter-organ communicators by
conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Emerging evidence shows …

Periodontal tissue is a highly dynamic and frequently stimulated area where homeostasis is
easily destroyed, leading to proinflammatory periodontal diseases. Bacteria–bacteria and …

For decades, bacteria have been exploited as vectors for vaccines and therapeutics.
However, the bacterial arsenal used has historically been limited to a few strains …

The development of vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that naturally bud
off from bacteria is an evolving field in infectious diseases. However, the inherent …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause effective changes in various domains of life. These
bioactive structures are essential to the bidirectional organ communication. Recently …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are particles secreted by bacteria with diameter of 20-
400 nm. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on the surface of …

Nano-sized Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles possess unique structural
and immunostimulatory effects that could be exploited to regress tumors by alerting the host …

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have emerged as candidate signaling vectors for long‐
distance interkingdom communication within the gut‐microbiota brain axis. Most bacteria …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small vesicles constitutively shed by all Gram-
negative bacterium, which have been proposed to play a role in Helicobacter pylori …