Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small vesicles constitutively shed by all Gram-
negative bacterium, which have been proposed to play a role in Helicobacter pylori …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) attract increasing interest as immunostimulatory
nanoparticles for the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents. We previously …

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a leading cause of death worldwide. Bacterial
membrane vesicles (MVs) are promising vaccine candidates because of the antigenic …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation with no
cure. The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Disruption of the microbial …

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies
demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the …

Cancer is one of the most devastating and ubiquitous human diseases. Conventional
therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most widely used cancer treatments …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria during growth in vitro and in vivo. MVs are nanoscale vesicular structures with …

Microbiota–host communication is primarily achieved by secreted factors that can penetrate
the mucosal surface, such as extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs). The EVs released by …

The ability of bacterial extracellular vesicles (EV) to transport biological molecules has
increased the research to determine their potential as therapeutic agents. In this study …

Almost all known foodborne pathogens are able to form biofilms as one of the strategies for
survival under harsh living conditions, to ward off the inhibition and the disinfection during …