The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), site of the primary clock in the circadian rhythm system,
has three major afferent connections. The most important consists of a retinohypothalamic …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Upper airway muscles subserve many essential for survival orofacial behaviors, including
their important role as accessory respiratory muscles. In the face of certain predisposition of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hypokinetic
motor features; however, patients also display non-motor symptoms like sleep disorders …

Activation of pontomedullary cholinergic neurons may directly and indirectly cause
depression of respiratory motoneuronal activity, activation of respiratory premotor neurons …

The mesopontine tegmentum, comprising the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPN) and the
laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), is intricately connected to various regions of the basal …

In cats, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) can be induced rapidly and reliably by injections
of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the anterodorsal pontine tegmentum, also …

Serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptor-responsive neurons in the pedunculopontine
tegmental nucleus (PPTn) become maximally active immediately before and during rapid …

Abstract Study Objectives: Investigate the hypnotic effects of repeated doses of neurokinin-1
receptor antagonist, vestipitant, in primary insomnia. Design: Randomized, double-blind …

The locomotor area has recently emerged as a target for deep brain stimulation to lessen
gait disturbances in advanced parkinsonian patients. An important step in choosing this …