Secondary metabolites are divided into three classes: phenolic, terpenoid, and nitrogenous
compounds. Phenolic compounds are also known as polyphenols and include tannins …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as undesirable by‐products of metabolism in
various cellular compartments, especially in response to unfavorable environmental …

Herbicides are small molecules that act by inhibiting specific molecular target sites within
primary plant metabolic pathways resulting in catastrophic and lethal consequences. The …

Manganese (Mn) is among one of the essential trace elements for normal plant
development; however, excessive Mn can cause plant growth and development to be …

DNA damage is a serious threat to all living organisms and may be induced by
environmental stressors. Previous studies have revealed that the tardigrade (Ramazzotius …

The rate of global environmental change is unprecedented, with climate change causing an
increase in the oscillation and intensification of various abiotic stress factors that have …

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and oxidative stress is a
hallmark of BC. Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between the production of …

Fat is an important component of milk which delivers energy, nutrients, and bioactive
molecules from the lactating mother to the suckling neonate. Milk fat consists of a complex …

Growing food autonomously on Mars is challenging due to the Martian soil's low nutrient
content and high salinity. Understanding how plants adapt and evaluating their nutritional …

In agricultural environments, plants are often exposed to abiotic stresses including
temperature extremes, salt stress, drought, and heavy metal soil contamination, which leads …