Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern
in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as …

Transition metal ions are key elements of various biological processes ranging from oxygen
formation to hypoxia sensing, and therefore, their homeostasis is maintained within strict …

Cadmium (Cd) in aquatic environments can cause environmental toxicity to fish and induce
oxidative stress owing to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species in fish bodies …

Besides being important occupational hazards, lead and cadmium are nowadays metals of
great environmental concern. Both metals, without any physiological functions, can induce …

Cadmium is a widespread toxic pollutant of occupational and environmental concern
because of its diverse toxic effects: extremely protracted biological half-life (approximately …

Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: Plumbum,
meaning “the liquid silver”) and has an atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first …

Cadmium has long been recognized as an environmental contaminant that poses risks to
human health. Cadmium is of concern since nearly everyone in the general population is …

Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the …

Background Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals. The prolonged exposure of it
can lead to severe alterations and damage in different tissues including blood, liver, kidney …

Cadmium in tobacco smoke may contribute to the development of pulmonary emphysema.
However, there is poor understanding of the mechanisms behind the pathogenic role of …