Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging
from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development …

Over the past two decades, insulin resistance has been considered essential to the
aetiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, insulin resistance does not lead to …

Diabetes is associated with β cell failure. But it remains unclear whether the latter results
from reduced β cell number or function. FoxO1 integrates β cell proliferation with adaptive β …

The α and β cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. The α cells release glucagon in
response to low levels of glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, β cells …

The a and b cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. The a cells release glucagon in
response to low levels of glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, b cells …

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and loss of β cell mass and function.
Aging is considered as a major risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes. However, the …

B cell dysfunction due to obesity can be associated with alterations in the levels of micro-
RNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of miRNAs in these processes remains elusive. Here, we …

The prevalence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases are increasing, and new
treatment strategies are urgently needed. From the perspective of basic pathogenesis, the …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, and its exact pathogenesis remains
unclear. Autophagy and pyroptosis play an important role in pancreatic β-cells inflammation …

Milk, the secretory product of the lactation genome, promotes growth of the newborn
mammal. Milk delivers insulinotropic amino acids, thus maintains a molecular crosstalk with …