Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium is found in various ecological habitats, and has natural
entomo-pesticidal properties, due to the production of crystalline and soluble proteins during …

Annually, the cost of insect pest control in agriculture crosses billions of dollars around the
world. Until recently, broad-spectrum synthetic pesticides were considered as the most …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram positive soil bacterium. This bacterium secretes various
proteins during different growth phases with an insecticidal potential against many …

Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects.
Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on …

Phytophagous insect incidence is a serious threat for reduction of crop productivity globally.
There is an estimation of one fourth of crop is being destroyed by insects annually. Indeed …

The increasing incidence of field-evolved resistance in Lepidoptera (bollworms) insects
towards Bt δ-endotoxins necessitates the need for an alternate strategy to prolong crop …

Cotton is an important crop as it produces valuable textile fibre and contributes to economy
of various textile producing countries. However, cotton production is under great threat due …

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is mainly controlled with synthetic
insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole. However, these compounds may affect non-target …

Many entomopathogens regulate the development of their insect hosts. However, the
influence of mermithid nematodes on the development of their host remains unclear. In the …

Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium that produces
vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips, including Vip1, Vip2, Vip3, and Vip4) during the …