Peripheral and central sensitizations of the trigeminal nervous system are the main
mechanisms to promote the development and maintenance of chronic orofacial pain …

As one of the most densely innervated tissues, the dental pulp contains abundant nerve
fibres, including sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres. Studies in animal …

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of diseases in the oral and maxillofacial
region that can manifest as acute or chronic persistent pain, affecting millions of people …

Background Dysmenorrhoea is a prevalent pain condition that affects women of
reproductive age, who are monthly exposed to this pain, usually until they reach adult age …

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a burgeoning area of study within the dental field.
TMD is caused by abnormalities in the temporomandibular joint or muscles of mastication …

Our previous studies have clarified that red nucleus (RN) interleukin (IL)-6 is involved in the
maintenance of neuropathic pain and produces a facilitatory effect by activating JAK2/STAT3 …

Background Dental treatment associated with unadaptable occlusal alteration can cause
chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain. The serotonin (5-HT) pathway from the rostral …

Chronic primary pain (CPP) occurs in the absence of tissue injury and includes
temporomandibular disorders (TMD), fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and irritable bowel …

Chronic primary pain, characterized by overlapping symptoms of chronic pain, anxiety, and
depression, is strongly associated with stress and is particularly prevalent among females …

Chronic pain in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common health problem.
Cumulating evidence indicates that the etiology of TMD pain is complex with multifactorial …