The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as
well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic …

This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses
including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The …

The transient elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+] cyt) induced by cold
stress is a well‐established phenomenon; however, the underlying mechanism remains …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential macronutrient as well as a second messenger in
diverse biological processes in plants. Plants perceive various stimuli which leads to …

Abiotic and biotic stresses are major limiting factors of crop yields and cause billions of
dollars of losses annually around the world. It is hoped that understanding at the molecular …

High salt concentrations in the growing medium can severely affect the growth and
development of plants. It is imperative to understand the different components of salt-tolerant …

Sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are central
components of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways. The snrk2. 2/2.3/2.6 triple-mutant …

Plant annexins are Ca 2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins and exist as multigene
families in plants. They are implicated in the regulation of plant development as well as …

Abiotic stresses, especially salinity and drought, are the primary causes of crop loss
worldwide. Plant adaptation to environmental stresses is dependent upon the activation of …

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and agriculture productivity. To
cope with salt stress, plants have evolved complex salt-responsive signaling and metabolic …