Respiratory infectious diseases are mainly caused by viruses or bacteria that often interact
with one another. Although their presence is a prerequisite for subsequent infections …

The airway epithelium acts as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses, not only as a
physical barrier and through the mucociliary apparatus but also through its immunological …

Background The knowledge that persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the
main cause of cervical cancer has resulted in the development of prophylactic vaccines to …

Lower respiratory tract infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and
significant clinical harm. Due to the limited ability of traditional pathogen detection methods …

Abstract Human coronaviruses (HCoV) OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1 are common
respiratory viruses which cause various respiratory diseases, including pneumonia. There is …

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important pathogen causing
severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Epidemiologic and basic studies …

Background Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial causes of …

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory illness (ARI) accounts for a large proportion of all visits to
pediatric health facilities. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses …

Abstract Purpose of Review This investigation aims to understand the role and burden of
viral co-infections for acute respiratory illnesses in children. Co-infection can be either viral …

Respiratory diseases are a very common source of morbidity and mortality among children.
Health care providers often face a dilemma when encountering a febrile infant or child with …