Gram-negative bacteria and their complex cell envelope, which comprises an outer
membrane and an inner membrane, are an important and attractive system for studying the …

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges facing modern medicine worldwide. The
past few decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the multiple factors …

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

The propagation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is constantly paralyzing our healthcare
systems. In addition to the pressure of antibiotic selection, the roles of non-antibiotic …

Increasing concentrations of preservatives have been detected in environments due to the
overuse and misuse of preservatives in food and personal care products. Recent studies …

The fitness effects of a mutation can depend, sometimes dramatically, on genetic
background; this phenomenon is often referred to as “epistasis.” Epistasis can have …

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a major threat to our ability to treat bacterial infections.
Two factors that determine the evolutionary success of antibiotic resistance mutations are …

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an urgent global
health threat. Inferring the dynamics of local CRE dissemination is currently limited by our …

Antibiotic resistance typically induces a fitness cost that shapes the fate of antibiotic-resistant
bacterial populations. However, the cost of resistance can be mitigated by compensatory …

The transport of small molecules across membranes is essential for the import of nutrients
and other energy sources into the cell and, for the export of waste and other potentially …