Study Design. A review of methods to optimize anesthesia and analgesia for minimally
invasive spine procedures. Objective. To provide information to surgeons and …

Patient Blood Management (PBM) is a holistic approach to the management of blood as a
resource for each, single patient; it is a multimodal strategy that is implemented through the …

OBJECTIVE Spinal anesthesia (SA) is an alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for lumbar
spine surgery, including complex instrumented fusion, although there are relatively few …

There is still a lot of scope to research and refine pain and postoperative nausea and
vomiting management in cranial and spinal neurosurgical patients. Large-scale studies are …

This study was designed to evaluate the anesthetic, analgesic and side effects of spinal,
epidural and combined spinal–epidural anesthesia with the addition of morphine for lumbar …

RESULTS: Total anesthetic times were longer in the general anesthesia (GA) group. There
was less bleeding at the surgical site in the SA group. Intraoperative blood pressure was …

AIm: Spinal anesthesia is an appropriate technique for lumbar spine surgeries of two to
three hours duration. The aim of this study is todocument our experience on spinal …

Spinal anesthesia creates an intense sensory and motor block that can effectively be
achieved with a small amount of local anesthetic. In the late nineteenth century, soon after …

Despite the controversies, the numerous potential benefits and advantages of regional
anesthesia are keys to its continued popularity. With constant search for new scientific clues …

Background: Although we routinely utilize medical consultants for preoperative clearance
and postoperative patient follow-up, we as spine surgeons need to know more medicine to …