Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have pivotal roles in life processes. The studies showed
that aberrant PPIs are associated with various diseases, including cancer, infectious …

Abstract The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE ((Kelch‐like ECH‐Associating protein 1) nuclear factor
erythroid 2 related factor 2‐antioxidant response element) pathway is one of the most …

Throughout history, natural products have played a dominant role in the treatment of human
ailments. For example, the legendary discovery of penicillin transformed global existence …

Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety
of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased …

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection
against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

K elch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (K eap1)‐nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (N
rf2)‐antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway represents one of the most important …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) engage in tumor progression by promoting the ability of
cancer cells to undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and also by enhancing …

The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) is a human tumor suppressor whose
inactivation is associated with the development of leiomyomata, renal cysts, and tumors. It …

Abstract Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a stress-responsive transcription
factor, associated with cellular homeostasis. Under normal conditions Nrf2 is kept in the …