Transcription factors of the forkhead box, class O (FoxO) family are important regulators of
the cellular stress response and promote the cellular antioxidant defense. On one hand …

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired
function and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is the primary risk factor for …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional cellular organelles that play a fundamental role in
maintaining cellular homeostasis. Keeping the quality of mitochondria in check is of …

Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell
death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called …

Tissue homeostasis over the life of an organism relies on both self-renewal and multipotent
differentiation of stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a hypoxic bone …

Estrogen deficiency has been considered the seminal mechanism of osteoporosis in both
women and men, but epidemiological evidence in humans and recent mechanistic studies …

Background: The gene FOXO3, encoding the transcription factor forkhead box O-3 (FoxO3),
is one of only two for which genetic polymorphisms have exhibited consistent associations …

Members of the class O of forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO) have important roles in
metabolism, cellular proliferation, stress resistance, and apoptosis. The activity of FOXOs is …

BNIP3 and NIX are proteins related to the BH3-only family, which induce both cell death and
autophagy. Consistent with their ability to induce cell death, BNIP3 and NIX are implicated in …