Spasticity is a complex and multidimensional disorder that impacts nearly 75% of individuals
with spinal cord injury (SCI) and currently lacks adequate treatment options. This …

Background Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) is a novel approach to treat chronic
pain. Lead placement at L2 has been reported to be an effective treatment for axial low back …

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a popular neurostimulation therapy for severe chronic pain.
To improve stimulation efficacy, multiple modes are now used clinically, including …

Transcranial direct curent stimulation (tDCS) and trans‐spinal direct current stimulation
(tsDCS) are promising therapies for pain that can alter the excitability of neuronal activity in …

Miniaturized neuromodulation systems could improve the safety and reduce the
invasiveness of bioelectronic neuromodulation. However, as implantable bioelectronic …

Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid
epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly …

Degeneracy is ubiquitous across biological systems where structurally different elements
can yield a similar outcome. Degeneracy is of particular interest in neuroscience too. On the …

Background Dorsal root ganglion neurostimulation (DRG-S) is effective in treating various
refractory chronic pain syndromes. In preclinical studies, DRG-S at very low frequencies (< 5 …

Objectives To report the explantation rates of high frequency 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation
(SCS) in a real-world setting. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective review of …

Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition representing a significant burden for society. It is
estimated 1 out of 10 people over the age of 30 that in the US have been diagnosed with …