Men and women sleep differently. While much is known about the mechanisms that drive
sleep, the reason for these sex differences in sleep behaviour is unknown and understudied …

Sleep occupies a substantial proportion of life. Sleep modifications parallel brain
development during childhood. Sex and gender differences have been reported in brain …

The sleep–wake cycle and circadian rhythmicity both contribute to brain function, but
whether this contribution differs between men and women and how it varies across cognitive …

Importance Inadequate sleep duration and quality increase the risk of obesity. Sleep timing,
while less studied, is important in adolescents because increasing evening preferences …

Sex as a biological variable is the focus of much literature and has been emphasized by the
National Institutes of Health, in part, to remedy a long history of male-dominated studies in …

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have
used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two …

Ovarian hormones, including 17β-estradiol, are implicated in numerous physiological
processes, including sleep. Beginning at puberty, girls report more sleep complaints than …

Males and females can respond differentially to the same environmental stimuli and
experimental conditions. Chronic sleep loss is a frequent and growing problem in many …

Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed
transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs …

For several years, a great effort has been devoted to understand how circadian oscillations
in physiological processes are determined by the circadian clock system. This system is …