Two of the most prevalent human viruses worldwide, herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2
(HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively), cause a variety of diseases, including cold sores, genital …

Type I interferons (IFNs)(IFN-α, IFN-β) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ) share many properties,
including induction by viral infection, activation of shared signaling pathways, and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19,
utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into target cells. ACE2 has been …

Background To date, only monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be effective for
outpatients with COVID-19. Interferon lambda-1 is a type III interferon involved in innate …

Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral
infection. Despite the existence of at least 20 IFNs, there are only three known cell surface …

Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

With the first reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the scientific community …

Interferons (IFNs) constitute the first line of defense against microbial infections particularly
against viruses. They provide antiviral properties to cells by inducing the expression of …

Lambda interferons (IFNλs) or type III IFNs share homology, expression patterns, signaling
cascades, and antiviral functions with type I IFNs. This has complicated the unwinding of …

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by multiple
lesions. The main manifestations include dryness of the mouth and eyes, along with …