The formation of the central nervous system (CNS) involves multiple cellular and molecular
interactions between neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and blood vessels to establish …

The blood-brain barrier is a unique property of central nervous system blood vessels that
protects sensitive central nervous system cells from potentially harmful blood components …

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and
mortality in preterm infants. Several non‐pharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical …

Introduction: Extremely premature infants are susceptible to fluctuations in cerebral blood
flow due to immaturity of cerebral autoregulation. Inotropes may cause rapid changes to …

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) can be a fatal condition responsible for the death of
1.7% of all neonates in the USA. The majority of GMH survivors develop long-term sequalae …

Neonatal brain hemorrhage (NBH) of prematurity is an unfortunate consequence of preterm
birth. Complications result in shunt dependence and long-term structural changes such as …

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative vitreoretinal disorder, is the leading
cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Although angiogenic pathways have been the …

Although a critical therapy in the management of hospitalized pediatric patients, 1, 2
transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in neonatal …

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as the retrograde passage of gastric contents into
the esophagus and possibly the oral cavity, and when “troublesome symptoms” persist …

Following an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), red blood cell lysis and hemoglobin (Hb)
oxidation with the release of heme can cause sterile neuroinflammation. In this study, we …