Intense motivational salience attribution is considered to have a major role in the
development of different psychopathologies. Numerous brain areas are involved in “normal” …

It has been reported that N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is implicated in drug
addiction and antagonists of the NMDA receptor complex can inhibit the development and …

Innovative discovery strategies are essential to address the ongoing opioid epidemic in the
United States. Misuse of prescription and illegal opioids (eg, morphine, heroin) has led to …

Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) and sigma-2 receptors (S2R) may modulate nociception without
the liabilities of opioids, offering a promising therapeutic target to treat pain. The purpose of …

Men and women respond differently to the subjective effects of cocaine and cocaine-
associated cues, which has implications for the development and maintenance of cocaine …

Nonmedical use of the prescription opioid oxycodone has become a major public health
problem in the United States, with special concern for adolescents. Although adults and …

Relative to intravenous drug self-administration, locomotor activity is easier to measure with
high throughput, particularly in mice. Therefore its potential to predict differences in self …

Genetic variation is a primary determinant of phenotypic diversity. In laboratory mice, genetic
variation can be a serious experimental confounder, and thus minimized through …

Serotonin receptor 7, ie 5-HT (7) protein coded by Htr7 gene, was discovered in supra-
chiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus but is widespread in the forebrain. Studies …

Background Chronic opiate use produces molecular and cellular adaptations in the nervous
system that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction. Genome-wide …