Objective Genetic factors are hypothesized to be involved in interindividual differences in
opioid sensitivity. Inbred mouse strains that are genetically different and isogenic within …

Cocaine is a psychotropic drug with a high potential for abuse due to its euphoric effects.
Efforts to develop medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence have not been …

Background Clinical studies have described the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches.
Results are inconsistent and clinical application is limited. Clinical trials have suggested that …

Adrenalectomy (ADX) abolishes behavioral sensitization to cocaine in DBA/2, but not
C57BL/6 inbred mice. The present study tests the hypothesis that this ADX effect on …

C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) mice respond differently to drugs that affect dopamine
systems, including alcohol. The current study compared effects of D1 and D2 receptor …

After intake of heroin or morphine, active metabolites are formed in the body. The two most
important morphine metabolites are morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3 …

We have previously shown strain and dose differences in heroin-induced behavior, reward
and regional expression of somatostatin receptor mRNAs in C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice …

Few studies have assessed whether mice used as cancer models experience pain. Despite
this possibility, the usual practice is to withhold analgesics as these are generally viewed as …

Cocaine and many other psychostimulants strongly induce urokinase-type plasminogen
activator (uPA) expression in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, which plays a major …

A number of studies have investigated the reward potential of morphine, using the
Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) procedure. The morphine-metabolite morphine-6 …