Background Early-life stress and exposure to stressful stimuli play a major role in the
development of chronic widespread pain in adults. However, how they interact in chronic …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, as a non-invasive technique, offers unique
opportunities to assess brain function and connectivity under a broad range of applications …

Individual vulnerability factors influencing the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
axis may contribute to the risk of the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain after …

Activation of spinal microglia and consequent release of proinflammatory mediators facilitate
pain. Under certain conditions, responses of activated microglia can become enhanced …

Posttraumatic widespread pain (PTWP) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are
frequent comorbid sequelae of trauma that occur at different rates in women and men. We …

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutic
agents. Clinical evidence suggests that stress is a risk factor for development and/or …

Background There is great comorbidity and similarity between chronic pain and major
depressive disorders. We have recently shown that 10 days of social defeat stress (SDS) …

Hyperalgesic priming, a form of neuroplasticity in nociceptors, is a model of the transition
from acute to chronic pain in the rat, which involves signaling from the site of an acute tissue …

We have recently developed an animal model of fibromyalgia syndrome in the rat. In this
model, rats exposed to unpredictable sound stress develop a delayed onset enhancement …

Purpose Diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia have been subject to debate and controversy for
many years. The preliminary diagnostic criteria introduced in 2010 and 2011 have been …