The purpose of this article is to provide a succinct summary of the different experimental
approaches that have been used in preclinical postoperative cognitive dysfunction research …

Pain is an unpleasant, negative emotion and its debilitating effects are complex to manage.
Mammalian models have long dominated research on nociception and pain, but there is …

Traditionally, drug dosing is based on a concentration-response relationship estimated in a
population. Yet, in specific individuals, decisions based on the population-level effects …

General anesthetics can cause neurological damage and long-term behavioral/cognitive
impairment during fetal and early postnatal life. However, the adverse influence on embryo …

Synapses are particularly vulnerable in many neurodegenerative diseases and often the first
to degenerate, for example in the motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) …

Background Etomidate, barbiturates, alfaxalone, and propofol are anesthetics that
allosterically modulate γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors via distinct sets of …

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A) receptors are pentameric transmembrane protein
complexes. They have attracted extensive attention from the scientific community due to their …

Abstract Aims Benzodiazepines (BZDs) produce various pharmacological actions by binding
to and allosterically regulating GABA A receptors. Several in vitro studies have …

Abstract Editor's Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic β3 subunits of the γ-
aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor play a central role in mediating hypnotic and …

Phenothiazines (PTZ) are antipsychotics known to modulate a variety of neurotransmitter
activities that include dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling and have been identified as …