Frozen water has a quasi-liquid layer at its surface that exists even well below the bulk
melting temperature; the formation of this layer is termed premelting. The nature of the …

Cold-adapted organisms produce antifreeze and ice-nucleating proteins to prevent and
promote ice formation. The crystal structure of hyperactive bacterial antifreeze protein (AFP) …

Hyperactive insect antifreeze proteins and bacterial ice-nucleating proteins are arguably the
most potent ice-binding molecules in nature. These highly effective proteins bind ice through …

Crystal nucleation rates have been measured in the supercooled melts of two richly
polymorphic glass-forming liquids: ROY and nifedipine (NIF). ROY or 5-methyl-2-[(2 …

Pore condensation and freezing (PCF) is an ice nucleation mechanism that explains ice
formation at low ice supersaturation. It assumes that liquid water condenses in pores of solid …

Heterogeneous crystal nucleation is ubiquitous in nature and at the heart of many industrial
applications. At the molecular scale, however, major gaps in understanding this …

According to Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT), the transition from liquid to crystal occurs in
a single activated step with a transition state controlled by the size of the crystal embryo. This …

Premelting of ice at temperatures below 0° C is of fundamental importance for environmental
processes. Various experimental techniques have been used to investigate the temperature …

Freezing of water is the most common liquid-to-crystal phase transition on Earth; however,
despite its critical implications on climate change and cryopreservation among other …

Potent ice nucleating organic crystals display an increase in nucleation efficiency with
pressure and memory effect after pressurization that set them apart from inorganic …