Background: Spirometry is the most common pulmonary function test. It is widely used in the
assessment of lung function to provide objective information used in the diagnosis of lung …

Asthma affects almost 20 million people in the United States and more than 300 million
people worldwide. Of these, 10-15% have severe asthma, which is refractory to commonly …

Abstract The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2021 (SINA-2021) is the fifth version of asthma
guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children, which is …

Delivering therapeutic agents to the lungs requires a deep understanding of the kinetics and
dynamics of drugs in this biologically and physiologically complex system. In this chapter …

This is the fourth version of the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of
asthma, developed by the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) group, a subsidiary of the Saudi …

This is an updated guideline for the diagnosis and management of asthma, developed by
the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The …

The circadian clock is a collection of endogenous oscillators with a periodicity of~ 24 h.
Recently, our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation at genomic and …

Background Asthma is a prevalent disease characterized by chronic inflammatory changes
of the airway and marked by airway hyperresponsiveness, edema, and excess mucus …

The term ultra-LABA indicates once-daily β2-AR agonists (abediterol, indacaterol, olodaterol
and vilanterol) that are single enantiomers of the (R)-configuration. All have a near full …

Bronchodilators are central in the symptomatic management of asthma. It is likely that the
once-daily dosing of a bronchodilator would be a significant convenience and probably a …