Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a
major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2 …

Respiratory, circulatory, and renal failure are among the gravest features of COVID-19 and
are associated with a very high mortality rate. A common denominator of all affected organs …

Progressive immune dysfunction associated with aging is known as immunosenescence.
The age-related deterioration of immune function is accompanied by chronic inflammation …

Background Pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 is characterized pathologically by diffuse
alveolar damage (DAD) and thrombosis, leading to the clinical picture of Acute Respiratory …

Background Epidemiological studies suggest increased risk of lung cancer associated with
diesel exhaust (DE) exposure. However, DE-induced lung fibrosis may lead to cancer and …

Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been associated with high exposure to
fine particulate air pollutants (PM2. 5). Alveolar macrophages are the first defense against …

Physical exercise has acute and chronic effects on inflammatory balance, metabolic
regulation, and redox status. Exercise-induced adaptations are mediated by enhanced 70 …

Air pollution is mainly caused by burning of fossil fuels, such as diesel, and is associated
with increased morbidity and mortality due to adverse health effects induced by inflammation …

Abstract Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) is an inflammatory-inducing factor that is considered
to be related to many adverse respiratory problems, especially in the elderly. This study …

Air pollution has been linked to emphysema in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
(COPD). However, the underlying mechanisms in the development of emphysema due to air …