Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich protein aggregates called Lewy pathology (LP) and
neuronal death are commonly found in the brains of patients with clinical Parkinson disease …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial …

Significant advances have been made uncovering the factors that render neurons
vulnerable in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the critical pathogenic events leading to …

Parkinson disease (PD) treatment options have conventionally focused on dopamine
replacement and provision of symptomatic relief. Current treatments cause undesirable …

How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the
bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this …

Research on cognitive aging has focused on how decline in various cortical and
hippocampal regions influence cognition. However, brainstem regions play essential …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the intracellular
accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β …

It has been known for decades that degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC), the major
noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, occurs in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's …

Specific neuronal populations display high vulnerability to pathological processes in
Parkinson's disease (PD). The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMnX) is a primary …

The locus coeruleus (LC) contains norepinephrine (NE)-synthesizing neurons that send
diffuse projections throughout the central nervous system. The LC-NE system has a major …