Abstract Purpose of Review The breast tumor microenvironment is immunosuppressive and
is increasingly recognized to play a significant role in tumorigenesis. A deeper …

Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a major clinical challenge due to
its aggressive and metastatic behavior and the lack of available targeted therapies …

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 is used to predict outcome and
therapy response in breast cancer patients. The current IHC assessment, visual or digital, is …

Aims Studies in various cancer types have demonstrated discordance between results from
different programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) assays. Here, we compare the reproducibility …

In the light of recent advances in the immunotherapy field for breast cancer (BC) treatment,
especially in the triple‐negative subtype, the identification of reliable biomarkers capable of …

Objectives: To investigate the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in breast
cancer in association with incomplete pathological response (PR) to neoadjuvant …

The immune system affects all phases of tumor growth from initiation to progression and
dissemination. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are mononuclear immune cells that …

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays an important role in the evaluation of breast pathology
specimens to provide both diagnostic and prognostic/therapeutic information. Although most …

Background Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical relevance of programmed cell death
ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in breast cancer. Methods A systematic review was performed …

Objective Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous group of tumors with no
estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Cerb-B2/HER2 expression …