Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature
tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips are …

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from
either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from …

Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained
enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized …

The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes
made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human …

Adult stem cell–based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-
term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. The generation of cancer …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the deadliest pandemics in history. SARS …

Biomedical research is undergoing a paradigm shift towards approaches centred on human
disease models owing to the notoriously high failure rates of the current drug development …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable
attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the …

Tissue and organ biology are very challenging to study in mammals, and progress can be
hindered, particularly in humans, by sample accessibility and ethical concerns. However …

In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and
diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the …